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¿En qué consisten las nuevas normas VAMP de Visa? Una guía para comerciantes de cara a 2026
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En resumen:
- VAMP replaced VDMP and VFMP on April 1, 2025, merging dispute and fraud monitoring into one ratio of TC40 fraud reports plus TC15 disputes over settled transactions.
- The merchant Excessive threshold is 1.5% with 1,500+ events a month in Asia Pacific, Canada, the EU and the US since April 1, 2026, down from 2.2% when enforcement began on October 1, 2025.
- Fraud reports now count even when they never become chargebacks, so a merchant under the old 0.9% dispute line can land in Excessive.
- Acquirers are scored at 0.5% and 0.7% and often set tighter terms, so processors can act before Visa does.
- What merchants do differently: track one combined monthly ratio, count TC40s, and resolve cases before they are counted.
Visa's VAMP replaced the separate VDMP and VFMP programs with one fraud and dispute ratio and, since April 1, 2026, flags merchants at 1.5% with 1,500 or more events a month; this page covers what changed, who is affected and what merchants do differently, and the full Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program guide holds the complete thresholds, fees and timeline.
What Changed From VDMP and VFMP to VAMP
Visa retired the Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP) and the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP) when VAMP took effect on April 1, 2025. Visa's fact sheet describes VAMP as consolidating the existing VAMP, VFMP and VDMP into a single global program.
| ¿Qué ha cambiado? | Before (VDMP and VFMP) | Now (VAMP) |
|---|---|---|
| Programs | Two separate programs: VDMP for disputes and VFMP for fraud | One program with one combined ratio |
| What is counted | VDMP counted chargebacks. VFMP counted fraud by dollar amount | TC40 fraud reports plus TC15 non-fraud disputes, divided by settled transactions |
| Merchant top tier | VDMP Excessive: 1.8% ratio and 1,000 disputes | Excessive: 1.5% and 1,500 events a month since April 1, 2026 (2.2% in most regions before that) |
| Warning stages | VDMP Early Warning at 0.65% and 75 disputes, then Standard at 0.9% and 100 disputes | One published merchant tier. The lower triggers sit at the acquirer: 0.5% Above Standard and 0.7% Excessive |
| Who is held accountable | The merchant was enrolled and the acquirer notified | The acquirer portfolio is scored too, so one merchant's events can lift the acquirer's ratio |
| Pruebas con tarjetas | Not part of VDMP or VFMP | Separate enumeration ratio: 20% and 300,000 enumerated transactions |
| Exclusions | Assessed separately within each program | Disputes resolved with pre-dispute solutions and TC40 fraud that qualifies for Compelling Evidence 3.0 can be excluded, depending on timing |
Pregunta 1: ¿Cuáles son los umbrales del programa VAMP para los comerciantes y las entidades adquirentes en 2026?
Answer: The merchant Excessive threshold is 1.5% (150 bps) with at least 1,500 counted events a month, effective April 1, 2026 in Asia Pacific, Canada, the EU and the US. Latin America and the Caribbean were already at 1.5%, and CEMEA keeps 2.2% with 150 events and USD 75,000. Acquirers face much tighter lines:
| Level | VAMP ratio | Número mínimo mensual | Applies to |
|---|---|---|---|
| Merchant Excessive | 1.5% (150 bps) since April 1, 2026 | 1,500 events | Asia Pacific, Canada, EU, US and LAC. CEMEA: 2.2%, 150 events and USD 75,000 |
| Acquirer Above Standard | 0.5% (50 bps) | Same as merchant | The acquirer's whole portfolio |
| Acquirer Excessive | 0.7% (70 bps) | Same as merchant | The acquirer's whole portfolio |
Visa began enforcing the Excessive level on October 1, 2025, when the merchant threshold was still 2.2% in most regions. Region-by-region conditions, fee amounts and the full enforcement timeline are in the full program guide. Check the exact figures in Visa's VAMP fact sheet or the Visa VAMP program overview.
Pregunta 2: ¿Cómo calculo mi índice de disputas según las normas del VAMP?
Respuesta: Visa utiliza esta fórmula:
Índice VAMP = (Total de fraudes (TC40) + Total de disputas no relacionadas con fraudes disputas TC15)) ÷ total de transacciones liquidadas
Dispute ratio
Formula labels retained from the original Visa VAMP article graphic. See the article for applicable exclusions and program scope.
Esto incluye:
- TC40 (denuncias de fraude)
- TC15 (non-fraud disputes, such as friendly fraud, delivery issues and unclear billing)
A dispute stays in the count even after it is resolved: Stripe's monitoring program documentation notes that programs ignore dispute outcomes and refunds, and a transaction that appears in both the TC40 and TC15 reports is counted twice. Response windows decide whether you can resolve a case before it is reported (see the chargeback calendar for deadlines).
Exclusions: Visa excludes disputes resolved through pre-dispute solutions and TC40 fraud that qualifies for Compelling Evidence 3.0, depending on timing. Confirm with your acquirer how it treats Rapid Dispute Resolution outcomes. For how dispute evidence is prepared, see the guide to chargeback evidence generation.
Example: 10 TC40s or TC15s in a month on 5,000 Visa transactions is 10 ÷ 5,000 = 0.2%.
The merchant Excessive line is 1.5%, but aim well below 0.5%, since each payment service provider may set stricter internal expectations.
Pregunta 3: He oído que Visa solo marca a los comerciantes que superan las 1.500 transacciones « disputas » al mes. Yo apenas llego a las 100, así que, ¿por qué debería preocuparme?
Answer: The 1,500-event count is part of the merchant Excessive test, which needs the ratio and the count together (CEMEA uses 150 events and USD 75,000). At 100 events a month you are below that test, but your events still feed your acquirer's portfolio ratio, and processors can apply lower triggers of their own. Stripe's documentation, for example, lists a non-compliant level at a 0.5% ratio and 5 events.
Mastercard chargeback rules are tougher on count. The Excessive Chargeback Merchant program can flag merchants with as few as 100 chargebacks and a 1.5% ratio. For the Visa and Mastercard limits side by side, see chargeback thresholds. Mastercard plans to move ECM under its new Global Merchant Audit Program (GMAP) from April 1, 2027.
Pregunta 4: Si no supero los límites de Visa, ¿por qué sigue siendo importante mi ratio?
Answer: Because VAMP holds acquirers accountable for their whole portfolio at 0.5% and 0.7%, far below the merchant line. If your ratio is high enough to matter, you could:
- Contribuir a que tu entidad adquirente supere su límite
- Provoca multas o auditorías para tu procesador
- Get flagged, fined or dropped so the acquirer can protect its portfolio
The old programs enrolled you only after you crossed your own line. Under VAMP the first signal can be a notice from your processor, because its internal thresholds are usually stricter and not shared with merchants. Here is how the same month reads under each measure, using illustrative numbers:
| Medida | Events counted (100,000 settled transactions) | Proporción | Resultado |
|---|---|---|---|
| Old VDMP-style dispute ratio | 700 disputes | 0.70% | Below the 0.9% Standard level |
| VAMP ratio | 700 disputes + 900 TC40 fraud reports = 1,600 | 1.60% | Above 1.5% with more than 1,500 events: Excessive |
The fraud reports that never became disputes are what move the result. Merchants on Stripe can see their standing in a VAMP dashboard; on Shopify and other platforms, ask the payments provider which statement descriptors and which month Visa is reporting.
Pregunta 5: ¿Puede mi procesador tomar medidas aunque Visa no lo haga?
Answer: Yes, and they often will. If your chargebacks or fraud alerts raise red flags, your processor may:
- Cobrarle comisiones más elevadas por litigios o por riesgo
- Añade tu cuenta a la lista de seguimiento
- Exige un plan de mitigación
- En casos extremos, cancela tu cuenta sin esperar a que Visa se pronuncie.
Acquirer terms can sit well below Visa's. Trust Payments' merchant guidance lists a 0.9% ratio from January 1, 2026 and a $10 fee per counted fraud or dispute event, so read your own processing agreement before relying on Visa's published numbers.
Pregunta 6: ¿Cómo puedo pasar desapercibido y proteger mi negocio?
Answer: Merchants who adapted to VAMP changed these habits:
- Track one combined ratio. Measure TC40s plus TC15s divided by total Visa sales each month, not chargebacks alone, and stay well under 0.5%. See the chargeback ratio guide for the basics.
- Count fraud reports, not just disputes. A TC40 counts even when you refund the order, so look for spikes from certain products, customer regions or shipping issues.
- Strengthen ecommerce fraud prevention. Use 3DS, velocity checks and device fingerprinting.
- Remove billing confusion. Clear billing descriptors, detailed receipts and straightforward refund policies prevent non-fraud disputes.
- Resolve cases before they are counted. Pre-dispute alerts and refunds can keep an event out of the ratio when they land in time.
Pregunta 7: ¿Qué cambió cuando el programa VAMP pasó de tener un carácter consultivo a uno de plena aplicación?
Respuesta: VAMP se implantó por fases:
- Advisory period (April 1 to September 30, 2025): Visa notified merchants and acquirers that breached thresholds but did not assess penalties. Acquirers could already act preemptively.
- Enforcement (October 1, 2025 onward): Visa began enforcing the Excessive level, with the merchant threshold at 2.2% in most regions.
- Tightened threshold (April 1, 2026): The merchant Excessive ratio dropped from 2.2% to 1.5% in Asia Pacific, Canada, the EU and the US, pulling more merchants into scope on the same dispute volume.
The grace period is over: a ratio that is too high today exposes you to fines and restrictions now.
Pregunta 8: ¿Las compras realizadas por los agentes de compras de IA cuentan para mi ratio VAMP?
Answer: Visa's fact sheet counts every TC40 fraud report and TC15 dispute against settled transactions and makes no carve-out for who placed the order, so a disputed order from an autonomous shopping agent lands on your ratio like any manual purchase. Who bears liability for an unauthorized agent purchase is a separate question; see AI agent chargeback liability, especially if your evidence workflows are not built for agent-initiated orders yet.
How Chargeflow Reduces VAMP-Counted Events
Chargeflow Alerts processes Verifi RDR, Ethoca and Chargeflow network chargeback alerts and refunds matching transactions automatically, so a case can be resolved before it becomes a chargeback, subject to Visa's timing rules. Chargeflow Prevent scans every order after checkout and before fulfillment, so risky orders are caught before they ship and turn into TC40s or disputes.
Chargeflow Alertas
- 87.2%
- Dispute-rate reduction displayed in the original product illustration.
Product illustration from the original article; example results do not establish a merchant-specific outcome.
See it on your own data: book a Chargeflow demo or start for free.
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